落实知情权

Implement the right to know

股东拥有知情权，股东行使知情权的方式，直接的就是查账。《公司法》第34条规定：股东有权查阅、复制公司章程、股东会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议和财务会计报告。

Shareholders have the right to know, and the way shareholders exercise the right to know is to audit accounts directly. Article 34 of the company law stipulates that shareholders have the right to consult and copy the articles of association, minutes of the shareholders' meeting, resolutions of the board of directors, resolutions of the board of supervisors and financial and accounting reports.

可以看出，法律对知情权的规定过于简单，对股东滥用知情权没有更详细解释，而股东一旦滥用知情权，很容易对公司商业秘密带来威胁。小股东利用知情权搅得公司不得安宁的例子比比皆是。所以，公司股权设计时，如果事先约定并明确知情权的细节，就能省去不少麻烦。

It can be seen that the provisions of the law on the right to know are too simple, and there is no more detailed explanation for the abuse of the right to know by shareholders. Once shareholders abuse the right to know, it is easy to pose a threat to the company's business secrets. There are many examples of minority shareholders' use of the right to know to disturb the company. Therefore, when designing the equity of the company, if the details of the right to know are agreed and clarified in advance, a lot of trouble can be saved.

约定股东控制权

Agreed shareholder control

股东对公司的控制，主要表现为参加股东会。这方面，法律留给股东自治的空间很大，当然，需要解决的问题也很多。

Shareholders' control over the company is mainly manifested in their participation in the shareholders' meeting. In this regard, the law leaves a lot of room for shareholder autonomy. Of course, there are also many problems to be solved.

比如：董事、监事、董事长、副董事长及经理如何产生？新《公司法》对股份公司选举中的“累积投票制”进行了确认，而对有限公司并未提及。这样，占简单多数持股比例的大股东似乎可以完全控制董事会监事会，因此需要股东对此作出适合自己公司的约定。

For example, how to produce directors, supervisors, chairman, vice chairman and managers? The new company law confirms the "cumulative voting system" in the election of joint-stock companies, but does not mention limited companies. In this way, the major shareholders with a simple majority shareholding ratio seem to be able to fully control the board of directors and the board of supervisors, so it is necessary for shareholders to make an agreement suitable for their own company.

1、明确公司重大事项（除法律规定事项之外）。

1. Clarify major matters of the company (except those stipulated by law).

2、公司不设董事会，设执行董事，由甲股东担任。重大事项由股东会经股权2/3以上并股东人头2/3以上多数同意方能决定。（重大事项甲不能一个人说了算，但没有甲的同意，乙和丙作不了重要决策。）

2. The company does not have a board of directors, but an executive director, who is held by shareholder a. Major matters shall be decided by the shareholders' meeting with the consent of more than 2/3 of the equity and more than 2/3 of the shareholders. (Party A can't the final say, but without Party A's consent, Party B and Party C can't make important decisions.)

针对第二点，还设有一个备选方案，就是重大事项由持有公司股权80%以上股东同意决定。在目前的股权结构下，也能达到同样的效果。

For the second point, there is also an alternative plan, that is, major matters should be decided by shareholders holding more than 80% of the company's equity. Under the current ownership structure, the same effect can be achieved.

对股权转让预先约定

Pre agreement on equity transfer

股权转让，可能引发公司话语权的极大变化，也可能使努力设计的公司治理方案付诸东流。

The transfer of equity may cause great changes in the company's voice, and may also make the corporate governance plan that we have worked hard to design go to waste.

我国现行公司法对有限公司的股权转让是这样的态度：对股东之间的内部转让不做任何限制；向股东之外的人转让股权，适当限制以保证公司的人合性，但是不限。同时允许公司章程对股权转让另作规定。

The current company law of China has such an attitude towards the equity transfer of limited companies: there is no restriction on the internal transfer between shareholders; The transfer of equity to persons other than shareholders shall be subject to appropriate restrictions to ensure the company's humanness, but not limited to. At the same time, the articles of association are allowed to make other provisions on equity transfer.

股权顶层架构设计人员认为既然可能引发其他股东权益变化，甚至引发的经营混乱，因此，公司股权转让可以做另外约定。

The top-level structure designer of equity believes that since it may cause changes in other shareholders' rights and interests, and even cause business chaos, the company's equity transfer can be agreed otherwise.

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