股权架构是公司组织的顶层设计，股权设计核心是解决谁投资、谁来做、谁收益以及谁担责的问题。从宏观层面上，创业公司早期为核心的四类人：创始人、合伙人、核心员工、投资人，他们都是属于公司也是早期风险的承担者和价值贡献输出者。

The equity structure is the top-level design of a company's organization, and the core of equity design is to solve the problems of who invests, who does it, who benefits, and who takes responsibility. At a macro level, there are four types of people at the core of early startup companies: founders, partners, core employees, and investors, all of whom belong to the company and are also early risk-takers and value contributors.

早期做股权顶层架构设计的时候基本上都是围绕着基于人力资本价值输出的高度认可，科学合理股权设计需将利益相关方绑定在一起。

In the early stages of designing the top-level structure of equity, it was basically centered around a high degree of recognition based on the output of human capital value. Scientific and reasonable equity design requires binding stakeholders together.

①合理的股权结构可以明晰股东之间的权责利，科学体现各股东之间对企业的贡献、利益和权利，从而使各股东的积极性得以充分的调动。

① A reasonable equity structure can clarify the rights, responsibilities, and interests between shareholders, scientifically reflect the contributions, interests, and rights of each shareholder to the enterprise, thereby fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of each shareholder.

②合理并且稳定的股权结构及恰当的退出机制，有助于维护公司和创业项目的稳定。

② A reasonable and stable equity structure and appropriate exit mechanism can help maintain the stability of the company and entrepreneurial projects.

③在未来引资时，股权要稀释，好的股权架构，有助于确保创业团队对公司的控制权。

③ When introducing capital in the future, equity should be diluted, and a good equity structure can help ensure that the entrepreneurial team has control over the company.

④好的股权架构有利于企业顺利走向资本市场。

④ A good equity structure is conducive to the smooth entry of enterprises into the capital market.

⑤避免出现公司股权僵局或股权争议，以避免重蹈“真功夫”、“西少爷”等股权争议覆辙。

⑤ To avoid equity deadlock or disputes in the company, in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of equity disputes such as "True Kung Fu" and "Master Xi".

因此，设计股权架构要根据企业的具体类型分析，进行多元化的架构设计。那么股权架构类型都有哪些呢？

Therefore, designing equity structures requires analyzing the specific types of enterprises and designing diversified structures. So what are the types of equity structures?

股权架构顶层的三种设置模式

Three setting modes at the top level of equity structure

①一元股权架构

① Unified equity structure

直接按各自出资分割股权、分享股权决策权及分红权，这是简单、较传统的股权架构类型。

Directly dividing equity, sharing equity decision-making rights, and dividend rights based on their respective contributions is a simple and more traditional type of equity structure.

一元股权架构这种是指股权的股权比例、表决权(投票权)、分红权均一体化。

The unitary equity structure refers to the integration of equity ratio, voting rights (voting rights), and dividend rights.

对于初创企业的创始人而言，其对企业控制权的掌握也缺少了自主性和灵活性，甚至很容易因企业融资或因他人恶意争夺企业控制权，或是其他的意外变故而丧失了对企业的控制。

For the founders of startups, their control over the enterprise also lacks autonomy and flexibility, and they can easily lose control of the enterprise due to financing, malicious competition for control by others, or other unexpected changes.

在这种结构下，所有中小股东的权利都是根据股权比例而决定的。这是简单的股权结构，需要重点避免的就是公司僵局的问题！

Under this structure, the rights of all small and medium-sized shareholders are determined based on their equity ratio. This is a simple equity structure, and the key to avoiding is the issue of company deadlock!

②二元股权架构

② Dual equity structure

二元股权架构是指股权在股权比例、表决权(投票权)、分红权之间做出不等比例的安排，将股东权利进行分离设计。

The binary equity structure refers to the unequal proportion arrangement of equity between equity ratio, voting rights (voting rights), and dividend rights, which separates and designs shareholder rights.

比一元股权架构更灵活一些的，还有二元股权架构。二元股权架构在国外非常普遍，这种股权结构能帮助创始人和大股东在公司上市后仍能保持对公司的控制权。

There is also a binary equity structure that is more flexible than a single equity structure. The dual equity structure is very common abroad, which can help founders and major shareholders maintain control over the company after its listing.

这种架构设计，适合那些需要将分红权给某些合伙人，但将决策权给创始人的多个联合创始人的情况。

This architecture design is suitable for situations where multiple co founders need to delegate dividend rights to certain partners but delegate decision-making power to the founders.

③多元股权架构

③ Diversified equity structure

在二元股权架构的基础上，将公司的股东分为多个类型，创始人、合伙人、员工、投资人，资源股东等等。

On the basis of the binary equity structure, the shareholders of the company are divided into multiple types, including founders, partners, employees, investors, resource shareholders, and so on.

针对他们的权利进行整体性安排，以实现企业维护创始人控制权、凝聚合伙人团队、让员工分享公司财富、促进投资者进入等目标。

Make overall arrangements for their rights to achieve the goals of maintaining founder control, consolidating partner teams, allowing employees to share company wealth, and promoting investor entry.

相对于前两种股权架构来说，多元架构能充分考虑企业各类主体间的利益关系，以及各类主体对企业本身的贡献等多方因素，来指导股权的划分思路；因此在此种架构下划分股权能有利于公司整体的发展，而不是个别股东利益大化，同时也符合企业治理的需求。更多相关事项就来我们网站http://www.guquanzhanlue.com咨询！

Compared to the first two types of equity structures, a diversified structure can fully consider various factors such as the interest relationships between various entities of the enterprise, as well as the contributions of various entities to the enterprise itself, to guide the division of equity ideas; Therefore, dividing equity under this structure can be beneficial for the rapid development of the company as a whole, rather than maximizing the interests of individual shareholders, and also meet the needs of corporate governance. For more related matters, come to our website http://www.guquanzhanlue.com consulting service