说股权简单，是因为我们在公司实践中，接触到的一般就是股权的收益权和表决权。收益权主要是通过公司分红和转让股权/股票的方式实现股东收益，表决权主要是在股东会上就选举董事、公司并购融资等事项进行投票的权利。

Saying equity is simple is because in company practice, what we generally come into contact with is the right to income and voting rights of equity. The right to profit mainly refers to the realization of shareholder benefits through company dividends and the transfer of equity/stocks. The voting right mainly refers to the right to vote at shareholder meetings on matters such as the election of directors and the financing of company mergers and acquisitions.

除了这两类权利以外，《公司法》赋予各位股东的其他权利一般情况下不会受到重视。许多情况下，股东甚至也没有意识到还可以行使其他哪些权利，导致股权中的很多权利被闲置，股权的大作用没有被发挥出来。

Except for these two types of rights, the other rights granted to shareholders by the Company Law are generally not taken seriously. In many cases, shareholders are not even aware of what other rights they can exercise, resulting in many of the rights in equity being idle and the significant role of equity not being fully realized.

山东股权合伙设计公司认为，其实股权是一种很复杂的权利，在分类上也是一种独立的权利类型。

Shandong Equity Partnership Design Company believes that equity is actually a complex right and an independent type of right in terms of classification.

从公司法学原理上看，股权是一个权利束，包含了一系列的具体权利(“权能”，指作为权利享有者和义务承担者的能力或资格)。这些具体权利总体上可以分为四大类:股东受益权、股东治理权、股东知情权、股东诉讼权。

From the perspective of corporate law principles, equity is a bundle of rights that includes a series of specific rights ("power" refers to the ability or qualification as a right holder and obligation holder). These specific rights can be generally divided into four categories: shareholder beneficial rights, shareholder governance rights, shareholder informed rights, and shareholder litigation rights.

其中，股东受益权确保了股东实现投资的经济目的；股东治理权、股东知情权是过程性的权利，为股东实现投资目的提供过程保证；而股东诉讼权则为股东实现投资目的提供了司法救济保障，也是股权中的弥补性权利。

Among them, shareholder beneficial rights ensure that shareholders achieve the economic purpose of investment; The right of shareholder governance and the right of shareholders to know are procedural rights that provide process guarantees for shareholders to achieve their investment objectives; The shareholder's litigation right provides judicial relief for shareholders to achieve their investment goals, and is also a compensatory right in equity.

四类权利形态至少包含30项具体权利，这些权利共同构成了股东行使股权的基本依据。所示:

The four types of rights include at least 30 specific rights, which together constitute the basic basis for shareholders to exercise their equity. As shown:

1.股东受益权：

1. Shareholders' Beneficial Rights:

利润分配权

Profit distribution rights

股权转让权

Equity transfer rights

优先购买权

Right of First Refusal

优先增资权

Priority to increase capital

股权回购请求权

Equity repurchase request right

剩余财产分配请求权

Right to request distribution of surplus property

2.股东治理权：

2. Shareholders' governance rights:

股东会议出席权

Right to attend shareholder meetings

表决权

right to vote

临时股东会议提议召开权

Right to propose convening of extraordinary shareholders' meetings

特殊情况下股东会议召集和主持权

The right to convene and preside over shareholder meetings under special circumstances

股东大会临时提案权

Temporary Proposal Rights for Shareholders' Meetings

董事会临时会议提议召开权

Proposal to convene an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors

一人有限公司股东决策权

Shareholders' decision-making power in a one person limited company

股东会议、董事会决议撤销权

Right to revoke resolutions of shareholders' meetings and board of directors

对股份公司经营的建议权、质询权

The right to suggest and inquire about the operation of a joint-stock company

3.股东知情权：

3. Shareholders' right to know:

查阅、复制公司重要文件权

Right to access and copy important company documents

查阅会计账簿权

Right to access accounting books

股东会议知情权

Right to know about shareholder meetings

对公司特殊人员报酬的知情权

The right to know about the remuneration of special personnel in the company

4.股东诉讼权：

4. Shareholders' litigation rights:

对滥用股东权利的起诉权

Right to sue for abuse of shareholder rights

对利用关联关系损害公司利益者的起诉权

The right to sue those who use related relationships to harm the interests of the company

对股东出资违约的起诉权

Right to sue shareholders for breach of capital contribution

对股东出资填补责任者的起诉权

The right to sue shareholders who contribute to fill the responsibility

确认决议无效或撤销的起诉权

Right to sue for confirming the invalidity or revocation of a resolution

股东查阅会计账簿的起诉权

Shareholders' right to sue for access to accounting books

股东请求公司收购其股权的起诉权

Shareholders' right to sue for the company's acquisition of their equity

对董事、监事和高管人员的派生诉

Derivative lawsuits against directors, supervisors, and executives

对他人损害公司利益的派生诉讼权

Derivative litigation rights against others who harm the interests of the company

对董事和高管人员的起诉权

Right to sue directors and executives

请求司法解散公司权

Request for judicial dissolution of the company

实践中，很多股东其实并不知道自己还有那么多权利，以为就只有收益权和投票权，是名副其实的“躺在权利上睡觉"的人。股东对权利内容的疏忽，给心术不正之人留下了可乘之机。这也是导致在公司融资过程中，创始团队股东被对方下套或恶意利用的主要根源。

In practice, many shareholders do not actually know that they have so many rights, thinking that they only have the right to income and voting rights, and are truly "sleeping on the right" people. The negligence of shareholders on the content of rights leaves opportunities for unscrupulous individuals. This is also the main root cause of the founder team shareholders being deceived or maliciously exploited by the other party in the company's financing process.

在实务操作中，股东的权利其实还不止上面30项，基于各方股东与投资人的约定，还可以衍生出许多其他的权利，比如优先分红权、优先清算权、赎回权等。您对此有什么疑惑或者需求就来我们这里http://www.guquanzhanlue.com咨询吧！

In practical operations, the rights of shareholders are actually not limited to the above 30 items. Based on the agreements between shareholders and investors, many other rights can also be derived, such as priority dividend rights, priority liquidation rights, redemption rights, etc. If you have any doubts or needs about this, please come to us http://www.guquanzhanlue.com Consult!