在进行股权结构设计之前，我们需要先了解以下几个概念，借此清楚地认识股权结构不是简单的持股比例的多少，而是以股东股权比例为基础，通过对股东权利、股东会及董事会职权与表决程序等进行一系列调整后的股东权利结构体系。下面股权顶层架构设计公司为您分析：

Before designing the equity structure, we need to understand the following concepts, so as to clearly understand that the equity structure is not a simple shareholding ratio, but a series of adjusted shareholder rights structure system based on the shareholder's equity ratio, including the rights of shareholders, the powers and voting procedures of the shareholders' meeting and the board of directors. The following equity top-level architecture design company will analyze for you:

1.控股股东

1. Controlling shareholder

法律层面的控股股东，是指其出资额占有限责任公司资本总额百分之五十以上或者其持有的股份占股份有限公司股本总额百分之五十以上的股东;出资额或者持有股份的比例虽然不足百分之五十，但依其出资额或者持有的股份所享有的表决权已足以对股东会、股东大会的决议产生重大影响的股东。

The controlling shareholder at the legal level refers to the shareholder whose capital contribution accounts for more than 50% of the total capital of a limited liability company or whose shares account for more than 50% of the total capital of a joint stock limited company; A shareholder whose capital contribution or shareholding ratio is less than 50%, but the voting rights enjoyed by his capital contribution or shareholding are sufficient to have a significant impact on the resolutions of the shareholders' meeting or shareholders' meeting.

由此可见，成为控股股东的方式有两种:一是直接实际出资达百分之五十以上;二是直接实际出资没有达到百分之五十，但股权比例越大，再通过联合其他股东、吸收关联公司股东、密切朋友股东和近亲属股东等形式，在公司形成控股局势。

It can be seen that there are two ways to become a controlling shareholder: first, direct actual contribution of more than 50%; The second is that the direct actual contribution does not reach 50%, but the larger the equity ratio, the greater the holding situation in the company by combining with other shareholders, absorbing shareholders of affiliated companies, close friends and close relatives.

2.股东权利

2. Shareholders' rights

股东权利主要包含以下内容：

Shareholders' rights mainly include the following:

(1)参与决策权

(1) Participation in decision-making

决策权是股东权的一项核心内容，其依据是股东投入公司资本额，包括决定公司的经营方针和投资计划；选举和更换非由职工代表担任的董事、监事，决定有关董事、监事的报酬事项;审议批准董事会的报告；审议批准监事会或者监事的报告;审议批准公司的年度财务预算方案、决算方案；审议批准公司的利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案;对公司增加或者减少注册提出作出决议;对发行公司债券作出决议;对公司合并、分立、解散、洁算或者变更公司形式作出决议;修改公司章程等，持股比例的多少决定了决策参与程度和影响力大小。

Decision-making right is a core content of shareholders' right, which is based on the amount of capital invested by shareholders in the company, including determining the company's business policies and investment plans; Elect and replace the directors and supervisors who are not staff representatives, and decide on the remuneration of the directors and supervisors; Review and approve the report of the Board of Directors; Review and approve the report of the board of supervisors or supervisors; Review and approve the company's annual financial budget plan and final account plan; Review and approve the company's profit distribution plan and loss recovery plan; Make resolutions on the increase or decrease of the company's registration; Make resolutions on the issuance of corporate bonds; Make resolutions on the merger, division, dissolution, liquidation or change of corporate form of the Company; Revise the articles of association, etc., the proportion of shareholding determines the degree of participation and influence of decision-making.

(2)表决权

(2) Voting rights

股东表决权又称股东议决权，是指股东基于股东地位享有的就股东会、股东大会的议案做出一定意思表示的权利，分为普通表决权和特别表决权，是股东权利的主要体现，也是和股利分配请求权一样的股东核心权利。

The voting right of shareholders, also known as the voting right of shareholders, refers to the right of shareholders to make a certain expression of will on the proposals of the shareholders' meeting and the shareholders' meeting based on their status. It is divided into ordinary voting right and special voting right. It is the main embodiment of shareholders' rights, and is also the core right of shareholders as well as the right to dividend distribution.

(3)选择、监督管理者权

(3) The right to select and supervise managers

股东会是公司的权力机构，决定公司的重大事项，将经营权授予懂事会和董事会聘任的经理，有权选择、监督、更换管理者。

The shareholders' meeting is the company's authority, which decides the major issues of the company, grants the management right to the board of directors and the managers appointed by the board of directors, and has the right to select, supervise and replace managers.

(4)资产收益权

(4) Asset usufruct

公司法规定:公司分司业年税后利润时，应当提取利润的百分之十列入公司法定公积金并提取利润的百分之五至百分之十列入公司法定公益金。公司法定公积金累计额为公司注册资本的百分之五十以上的，可不再提取。公司的法定公积金不足以弥补上一年度公司亏损的，在依照前款规定提取法定公积金和法定公益金之前，应当先用当年利润弥补亏损。公司在从税后利润中提取法定公积金后，经股东会决议，可以提取任意公积金。公司弥补亏损和提取公积金、法定公益金后所余利润，有限责任公司按照股东的出资比例分配，股份有限公司按照股东持有的股份比例分配。因此，股东有获得资产收益的权利。

The Company Law stipulates that when the annual after-tax profits of the company's branches are made, 10% of the profits shall be drawn as the company's statutory reserve fund and 5% to 10% of the profits shall be drawn as the company's statutory public welfare fund. If the accumulated amount of the company's statutory reserve fund is more than 50% of the company's registered capital, it may not be withdrawn. If the company's statutory reserve fund is insufficient to cover the company's losses of the previous year, the profits of the current year shall be used to cover the losses before the statutory reserve fund and statutory public welfare fund are drawn in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. After withdrawing the statutory reserve fund from the after-tax profits, the company may withdraw the discretionary reserve fund upon the resolution of the shareholders' meeting. The remaining profits of the company after making up the losses and withdrawing the public reserve fund and statutory public welfare fund shall be distributed by the limited liability company according to the proportion of capital contribution of the shareholders, and by the joint stock limited company according to the proportion of shares held by the shareholders. Therefore, shareholders have the right to obtain asset income.

(5)知情权

(5) Right to know

股东有权查阅公司章程、股东名册、公司债券存根、股东大会会议记录、董事会会议决议、监事会会议决议、财务会计报告等文件，对公司的经营提出建议或者质询。

Shareholders have the right to consult the articles of association, the register of shareholders, the counterfoil of the company's bonds, the minutes of the shareholders' meeting, the resolutions of the board of directors, the resolutions of the board of supervisors, the financial and accounting reports and other documents, and make suggestions or inquiries about the company's operation.

(6)优先受让和认购新股权

(6) Preemptive transfer and subscription of new equity

股东持有的股份可以依法转让，经股东同意转让的出资，在同等条件下，其他股东对该出资有优先购买权；公司新增资本时，股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。

The shares held by shareholders can be transferred according to law, and other shareholders have the preemptive right to purchase the capital contribution agreed to be transferred by shareholders under the same conditions; When the company increases its capital, the shareholders have the right to subscribe for the capital contribution in accordance with the proportion of the paid-in capital contribution.

3.表决程序

3. Voting procedure

在不违背法律规定的前提下，公司可以根据自身实际情况，灵活设计表决形式和程序。例如，有些封闭式的公司规定股东对外转让股权时，要求全体股东三分之二的表决权通过才可以;有些公司对股东死亡后其继承人进入公司决策层及管理层的表决比例或时限做出特别限制。更多相关内容就来我们网站http://www.guquanzhanlue.com咨询吧！

Without violating the provisions of the law, the company can flexibly design the voting form and procedures according to its actual situation. For example, some closed companies stipulate that when shareholders transfer their equity to the outside world, they require two-thirds of the voting rights of all shareholders to pass; Some companies have special restrictions on the voting proportion or time limit for the heirs to enter the decision-making and management levels of the company after the death of shareholders. Come to our website for more relevant content http://www.guquanzhanlue.com Ask!