实践中，一方面，大多数公司成立时仍然采取工商局提供的格式文本，照抄公司法原文；另一方面，公司因“无法可依”陷入僵局的情形有增无减少。所以公司、股东利用公司法赋予的自主权，涉及个性化的公司章程显得尤为重要。那么公司章程如何设计规避股权纠纷呢？下面股权顶层架构设计公司为您讲解。

In practice, on the one hand, most companies still adopt the format text provided by the Industrial and Commercial Bureau when they are established, copying the original company law; On the other hand, whether the situation of the Company's deadlock due to "no recourse" has increased or decreased. Therefore, it is particularly important for companies and shareholders to take advantage of the autonomy granted by the Company Law and involve personalized articles of association. So how to design the articles of association to avoid equity disputes? The following is an explanation from the top tier architecture design company.

股权比例设计问题

Equity ratio design

对于企业股权比例设置的问题，为了避免公司在运营中陷入僵局，在设立公司时应设计较为合理的股权比例。

For the problem of setting the equity ratio of enterprises, in order to avoid the deadlock in the operation of the company, a more reasonable equity ratio should be designed when establishing the company.

创业之初，如果只有一个股东，即可成立一人有限责任公司，100%拥有股权。如果是2个或以上股东一起成立有限责任公司，2人持股比例尽量避免50%：50%，3人尽量避免33%：33%：34%。2名以上股东的公司，要对公司具有控制权，那么持股比例需要超过2/3。

At the beginning of entrepreneurship, if there is only one shareholder, a one person limited liability company can be established with 100% equity. If two or more shareholders establish a limited liability company together, the shareholding ratio of two shareholders shall be 50%: 50%, and that of three shareholders shall be 33%: 33%: 34%. If a company with more than two shareholders wants to control the company, the shareholding ratio must exceed 2/3.

红利分配、增资认缴问题

Dividend distribution and capital increase subscription

实践中，是否参与公司的实际运营会影响到股东的分红比例，同时，公司法赋予企业对于分红权的自治权利。

In practice, whether or not to participate in the actual operation of the company will affect the dividend ratio of shareholders. At the same time, the company law gives enterprises the autonomy right to dividend rights.

公司法第34条规定：有限责任公司股东按照实缴的出资比例分取红利；公司新增资本时，股东有权优先按照实缴的出资比例认缴出资。但是，全体股东约定不按照出资比例分取红利或者不按照出资比例优先认缴出资的除外。

Article 34 of the Company Law stipulates that shareholders of a limited liability company shall receive dividends in accordance with the proportion of their paid in capital contribution; When the Company increases its capital, shareholders have the priority to subscribe for the capital contribution in accordance with the proportion of the paid in capital contribution. However, unless all shareholders agree not to draw dividends in proportion to their capital contributions or not to give priority to their capital contributions in proportion to their capital contributions.

对红利分配、增资认缴的约定，公司法并未要求须在公司章程中体现。实务中，可以在公司章程中约定，也可以由全体股东以其他方式约定。

The Company Law does not require the agreement on dividend distribution and capital increase subscription to be reflected in the Articles of Association. In practice, it can be agreed in the articles of association or by all shareholders in other ways.

但是，考虑到工商、税务、审计等部门执法水准以及对法律理解的差异，稳妥起见，建议一并在公司章程中约定清楚，可以节省众多不必要的解释、沟通工作。

However, in consideration of the differences in the level of law enforcement and legal understanding between the industry and commerce, tax, audit and other departments, it is suggested that they should be clearly agreed in the Articles of Association to save a lot of unnecessary interpretation and communication.

股权转设计问题

Equity to design issues

《公司法》第71条第4款关于“公司章程对股权转让另有规定的，从其规定”的规定，有限责任公司章程可以自由约定对股份转让的限制。

Article 71, paragraph 4 of the Company Law stipulates that "where the articles of association have other provisions on equity transfer, such provisions shall prevail", the articles of association of a limited liability company may freely stipulate restrictions on share transfer.

禁止股权转让：是否允许股份有限公司以章程限制股份转让属于立法政策问题，除非立法有明文规定，否则司法不宜肯定。现行公司立法未明文许可股份有限公司可以章程限制股份转让，相反却规定“股份可以依法转让”，在此情形下，除非公司章程本身提供了相应的救济手段，否则认可其效力将使得拟转让股份的股东丧失救济渠道，与股份有限公司的特性及立法精神相违。

Prohibition of share transfer: whether a joint stock limited company is allowed to restrict share transfer by articles of association is a matter of legislative policy. Unless there are explicit provisions in legislation, it should not be affirmed by the judiciary. The current company legislation does not expressly permit a joint stock limited company to restrict the transfer of shares in its articles of association, but instead stipulates that "shares can be transferred according to law". In this case, unless the articles of association itself provides corresponding relief means, recognition of its effectiveness will make shareholders who intend to transfer shares lose relief channels, which is contrary to the characteristics and legislative spirit of a joint stock limited company.

股权分割问题：我国公司法在规定有限责任公司股权转让的一般规则时，充分尊重当事人意思自治，因此，在对夫妻共有股权进行分割时，法官要对有限公司的章程进行审查和对其他股东进行调查。如果公司章程另有约定，则应按约定处理。

The issue of equity division: When the Company Law of China stipulates the general rules for equity transfer of limited liability companies, it fully respects the party's autonomy. Therefore, when dividing the joint equity of husband and wife, the judge should first review the articles of association of limited companies and investigate other shareholders. If otherwise agreed in the Articles of Association, it shall be handled as agreed.

公司章程如何设计规避股权纠纷？以上我们从三个问题方面来为您讲解了问题的相关内容，您想在这一方面做出好成绩就要提前去多做了解并去学习，您可以来我们网站http://www.guquanzhanlue.com咨询了解更多有关的事项！

How to design the articles of association to avoid equity disputes? We have explained the relevant content of the problem from three aspects. If you want to make good achievements in this area, you should go ahead and learn more. You can come to our website http://www.guquanzhanlue.com Ask for more information!