什么是激励？激励就是激发和鼓励，激励的目的是为了实现超越自我(被激励者)而实施激励者的目标。对公司这一营利性组织而言，股权激励的目的是为了实现公司的营收目标，进而因经营者和股东的利益-致性而达到两者的双赢。

What is motivation? Motivation is to stimulate and encourage. The purpose of motivation is to achieve the goal of surpassing oneself (the motivated person) and implementing the motivator. For the company, a profit-making organization, the purpose of equity incentive is to achieve the company's revenue goal, and then achieve a win-win situation due to the interests of managers and shareholders.

物质激励是在经济社会中重要的激励，也是有效的激励，但是也是需要激励成本的一种激励。对于公司来说，本质上是投资者(股东)实现其投资目的的工具，其主要的投资目的就是赚取更多的利润。为了调动管理层、骨干员工的积极性来达到这一目的，所有者股东必须要支付一一定的经济成本，无论现金还是股权，这一点是必须谨记的。

Material incentive is not only an important incentive in economic society, but also an effective incentive, but also an incentive that needs incentive cost. For a company, it is essentially a tool for investors (shareholders) to achieve their investment purpose, and its main investment purpose is to earn more profits. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of management and key employees to achieve this goal, owners and shareholders must pay a certain economic cost, whether in cash or equity, which must be borne in mind.

与工资、福利、奖金的直接性、短期性的激励不同，股权激励从操作上更为复杂一些，更长期一些。如果实施得当的话，更能挖掘出管理层、骨干员工的潜能，推动公司更快地发展，更好地实现所有者股东的目标。

Different from the direct and short-term incentives of wages, benefits and bonuses, equity incentive is more complex and longer-term in operation. If implemented properly, it can better tap the potential of management and key employees, promote the faster development of the company and better achieve the goal of owners and shareholders.

从社会的角度来说，在资产占据重要地位的今天，社会财富分配的不公平更是在加剧，员工即使是很优秀，也很难通过工资收人购买房产。股权激励通过关键员工持股的方式，分散了社会财富，使得雇员可能实现收入的较快增长，从而达到了均贫富，保持社会稳定的目的。

From a social perspective, today, when assets occupy an important position, the unfair distribution of social wealth is increasing. Even if employees are excellent, it is difficult to buy real estate through salary. Equity incentive disperses social wealth by means of key employee stock ownership, which makes it possible for employees to achieve rapid income growth, so as to achieve the purpose of equalizing the rich and the poor and maintaining social stability.

从本质上说，股权激励是一种通过给予管理层及骨干以公司股权(股票)的形式，使其在较长的一段时间内，因持有股权而与公司发展的利益一致，实现公司(股东)的长期投资价值，避免了其短期获利行为，同时因持有股权而承担一定的风险和享有因此而可能有的高收益。

In essence, equity incentive is a way of giving the management and backbone in the form of company equity (stock), so that it can be consistent with the interests of the company's development due to holding equity for a long time, realize the long-term investment value of the company (shareholders), avoid its short-term profit behavior, and bear certain risks and enjoy the possible high returns due to holding equity.

可见，股权激励能够将公司的短期利益和长远利益有效结合起来，使关键人站在所有者的立场思考问题，达到公司所有者和关键人收益共同提高的双赢目的。股权激励的关键点在于:1.对象为管理层及骨干:2.以股权或者股票的形式:3.时间上的长期性:4.效果上的高风险与高收益并存:5.目标是增加公司的投资价值。

It can be seen that equity incentive can effectively combine the short-term interests and long-term interests of the company, make the key people think from the standpoint of the owner, and achieve the win-win goal of jointly improving the income of the company's owners and key people. The key points of equity incentive are: 1 Target management and backbone: 2 In the form of equity or stock: 3 Long term in time: 4 High risk and high return coexist in effect: 5 The goal is to increase the investment value of the company.

鉴于股权激励是一种组织上的设计，根据公司的类型与实际需要，可以设计出多种股权激励模型，具有相当的灵活性。只要符合上面的5个关键点，都可以称为股权激励。各个国家因为法律制度不同，实行的股权激励方案也大不相同，即使是同一国家，在不同时期因为法治的变化、法规的修改也会有不同的制度设计。对于公司而言，关键是要了解当下股权激励的操作，避免无效性。

Since equity incentive is an organizational design, a variety of equity incentive models can be designed according to the type and actual needs of the company, which has considerable flexibility. As long as the above five key points are met, they can be called equity incentive. Due to different legal systems, the equity incentive schemes implemented in various countries are also very different. Even in the same country, there will be different system designs due to the changes of the rule of law and the revision of laws and regulations in different periods. For the company, the key is to understand the current operation of equity incentive and avoid ineffectiveness.

根据现在的国内法律规定及相关实践，股权激励主要有以下几种类型:1.股票期权;2.限制性股票;3.虚拟股票(股票增值权);4.业绩股票;5.账面价值增值权:6.期股;7.影子股票;8.延期支付;9.储蓄一股票参与计划:10.虚拟股份;11.岗位分红权;12.动态股权激励模式。

According to the current domestic legal provisions and relevant practice, equity incentive mainly has the following types: 1 the stock option; 2. Restricted stock; 3. Virtual stock (stock appreciation right); 4. Performance stock; 5. Book value appreciation right: 6 Future shares; 7. Shadow stock; 8. Deferred payment; 9. Savings stock participation plan: 10 Virtual shares; 11. Post dividend right; 12. Dynamic equity incentive mode.

鉴于目前我国上市公司与非上市公司在建立规范和有效的股权激励机制方面还处于摸索阶段，各种新的股权激励模式会慢慢地经过实践检验和现实需要而被创设出来。

Since China's listed companies and non listed companies are still in the exploratory stage in establishing a standardized and effective equity incentive mechanism, various new equity incentive models will be created slowly through practical tests and practical needs.