股权顶层架构设计如果做的好了，那么公司的发展就会越来越好，不过往往很多企业在这方面没弄好，比如说里面的架构选择错了。那么我们要知道怎样的股权顶层架构设计容易出问题，才能避开问题。

　　If the equity top-level architecture design is done well, the development of the company will be better and better. However, many enterprises do not do well in this aspect, such as the choice of the wrong structure inside. So we first need to know what kind of equity top-level architecture design is prone to problems, in order to avoid problems.

　　股权过度集中

　　在一股独大、一股独大的情况下，董事会、监事会、股东大会无用武之地，“内幕控制”问题严重，企业无法摆脱“一字之差””和家长式管理模式。当股权过于集中时，企业行为很容易与大股东的个人行为相混淆。在某些情况下，股东会承担更多的企业行为的不利后果。当大股东因特殊情况暂时无法处理公司事务时，将出现小股东争夺控制权的不利局面。

　　Excessive concentration of equity

　　Under the condition of monopoly, the board of directors, the board of supervisors and the general meeting of shareholders are useless, the problem of "insider control" is serious, and the enterprise cannot get rid of the "one word difference" and paternalistic management mode. When ownership is too concentrated, corporate behavior is easily confused with the individual behavior of major shareholders. In some cases, shareholders will bear more adverse consequences of corporate behavior. When the major shareholder is temporarily unable to deal with the company's affairs due to special circumstances, there will be an unfavorable situation of minority shareholders fighting for control.

　　家族企业找人为名义股东

　　有的家族企业喜欢让家族成员到工商局登记为股东，但这些登记在册的股东并没有实际出资，真正的股东和管理者也没有工商登记的痕迹。当存在明显股东和匿名股东时，一旦发生家庭矛盾，或者出现道德危机，明显股东会处分股权，或者违背匿名股东的意愿对公司事务进行投票，就会产生法律纠纷。

　　Family businesses look for nominal shareholders

　　Some family businesses like to let family members register as shareholders in the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, but these registered shareholders have not actually contributed, and the real shareholders and managers have no traces of industrial and commercial registration. When there are obvious shareholders and anonymous shareholders, once there are family conflicts, or moral crisis, obvious shareholders will dispose of equity, or against the will of anonymous shareholders to vote on company affairs, there will be legal disputes.

　　外国投资者、国有企业和特殊行业股东有特殊规定，代为非法持有

　　部分行业需要国家审批股东资格，如金融企业（证券公司、典当行、银行等），外资企业、国有股份变更也需要审批。股权问题。对于这些规定，应有人代表他们持有并成为匿名股东。这种持股情况也有被法律认定为无效的风险。

　　There are special regulations for foreign investors, state-owned enterprises and shareholders of special industries to hold illegally on their behalf

　　Some industries require state examination and approval of shareholder qualification, such as financial enterprises (securities companies, pawnshops, banks, etc.), foreign-funded enterprises and changes in state-owned shares also need to be examined and approved. Equity issues. For these provisions, someone should hold on their behalf and become an anonymous shareholder. Such holdings also run the risk of being deemed invalid by law.

　　干股、送股、股权激励纠纷

　　有的公司在成立时采取持股、送股或股权激励的方式留住人才，但设置不是很规范，干股是否有效，是送股还是转让股权，何时是股东容易产生分歧。

　　Dry shares, shares, equity incentive disputes

　　Some companies retain talents by means of stock holding, stock giving or equity incentive at the time of establishment, but the setting is not very standard. It is easy to have differences on whether dry shares are effective, whether they are stock giving or equity transfer, and when they are shareholders.

　　购买股份但未登记的员工

　　一些国有企业和非上市公司改制中的企业向员工募集股份。由于法律对股东人数的限制，入股的员工往往没有进行工商登记。找人代表股东持有股东。一旦持有代理权的股东不听话，或者大股东忘记了员工的股东身份，员工股东的权益就很容易受到侵犯。

　　Employees who buy shares but are not registered

　　Some state-owned enterprises and unlisted companies in the restructuring of enterprises to raise shares from employees. Due to the legal limit on the number of shareholders, employees who buy shares often do not have business registration. Find someone to hold shareholders on behalf of shareholders. Once the shareholder holding the proxy is disobedient, or the major shareholder forgets the identity of the employee shareholder, the rights and interests of the employee shareholder are vulnerable to infringement.

　　所以说，合理并且稳定的股权顶层架构设计，有助于维护公司和创业项目的稳定，当然也要避免出现公司股权僵局或股权争议，以避免重蹈股权争议覆辙。那么还有更多问题要解答的话，就来http://www.guquanzhanlue.com咨询吧。

　　Therefore, reasonable and stable top-level architecture design of equity is helpful to maintain the stability of the company and entrepreneurial projects. Of course, it is also necessary to avoid equity deadlock or equity dispute, so as to avoid repeating the mistakes of equity dispute. So there is a lot more questions to answer, you come to http://www.guquanzhanlue.com consulting.